Some say that dating a native speaker is the ultimate shortcut to fluency. “You’ll learn effortlessly with a teacher always by your side!” But is learning Chinese with a partner really the silver bullet it’s often made out to be?
Without going into too much personal detail, I have had my fair share of experience learning a language with a Chinese-speaking partner.
This doesn’t mean I know everything about the topic, but I think I’m well-placed to highlight some misconceptions, myths, and misunderstandings.
Tune in to the Hacking Chinese Podcast to listen to the related episode (#237):
Available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube and many other platforms!
Myth #1: A Chinese-speaking partner will make you great at Chinese
The myth is that having a Chinese partner magically improves your language skills.
This is not true.
What improves your Chinese is comprehensible input and engagement with the language. If you get that from your partner, then congratulations; that will help you learn the language. If you don’t get it, however, you’re not much better off than anyone else.
This is similar to the idea of immersion abroad; you don’t learn Chinese simply by living in China. Yes, living in a Chinese-speaking environment will make some things easier. Still, it’s also perfectly possible to live in China for a decade without learning more than occasional words and phrases.
Oh, so that’s why your Chinese is so good!
Thus, one of the most frustrating comments I receive is someone responding: “Oh, so that’s why your Chinese is so good!” when they learn that my wife is Chinese.
While there are many ways to respond, I usually just smile and nod. I sometimes add something about practising a lot.
In reality, my Chinese proficiency stems from years of intense study, living in Taiwan for four years, two of which were spent in a master’s programme for teaching Chinese as a second language aimed at native speakers.
In fact, the cause-and-effect relationship in my case is reversed; I would probably not have connected with my wife if I hadn’t already spoken decent Chinese when we met (I had studied for four years at the time).
You can learn more about my journey in the series starting here: How I learnt Chinese, part 1: Where it all started.
Benefits of learning Chinese with a partner
This doesn’t mean I have not benefited from having a Chinese-speaking partner. As mentioned already, it offers many opportunities for real communication about topics you care about. Assuming that your partner mostly speaks Mandarin with you, you will also get tons of comprehensible input.
Over time, this can help you develop an intuitive feel for the language, even if you’re not actively studying. For example, no matter what topics you’re talking about, you’ll be exposed to and need to use tones daily. Your brain is paying attention, and you will learn.
Naturally, the benefits increase the more Chinese you speak. I’ve been together with my wife for well over a decade now and have probably spoken with her in Chinese for more than ten thousand hours (back-of-the-envelope calculation: 13 years, 4000 days, 2.5 hours per day, 10,000 hours).
While this pales in comparison to the total amount of time I’ve engaged with Chinese, it has clearly helped me improve my Chinese immensely.
Motivation is key for learning Chinese in the long term
When your significant other speaks Chinese, this can also provide ample motivation to keep improving your language skills, because you have a direct and immediate use for most things you learn. Improving your tones will make you easier to understand, and expanding your vocabulary will enable your partner to adapt less to your level. All these things are likely to be good for both of you.
As I’ve discussed in an earlier article about intrinsic motivation, relatedness, or connecting socially with other people, is one of the three basic psychological needs that drive human behaviour. The relationship with a partner is more important than most.
How to learn Chinese in the long term with intrinsic motivation
Relationships are not primarily about learning languages
Most of the benefits of having a Chinese-speaking partner assume that Chinese is being spoken in your relationship, but this is not something you can take for granted.
It should come as no surprise, but for most people, relationships are not about learning languages.
Communication is important, but most people will default to their strongest common language. Language is a means to an end, not the end in itself. Unless your Chinese is already quite good, this strongest common language is likely to be English. Hence, most mixed-language couples I know don’t even speak Chinese with each other, not even many who live in a Chinese-speaking environment.
This is okay. As I said, a relationship is not primarily about learning languages; it’s about interacting and communicating. If interacting in Chinese is slow and effortful, it’s easy to switch to English. If you can understand each other better in English, then it takes significant effort and dedication for both of you to use Chinese instead.
Switching to Chinese is not easy even if both of you want to
Even if you both want to start speaking Chinese and want to give it a try, this can be hard. The less Chinese you know, the harder it will be.
As a native speaker, speaking with a beginner learner of your language can be exhausting (not just for the beginner, for whom it’s obviously exhausting). Communication is harder, more frustrating and takes longer than in English, and all the short-term incentives are stacked towards switching to English instead.
Another potential challenge lies in the personality and preferences of your partner. Not all people are willing or skilled teachers, and even those who try may lack the patience to speak Chinese with you for longer periods. You don’t need your partner to teach you vocabulary and grammar explicitly, but you do need to interact with them in Chinese.
My wife and I are lucky in this regard because we are both language teachers, but most people aren’t. Still, we also struggle to speak more Swedish, which is our third strongest language, even if we both want to.
I will share more practical tips on how to speak more Chinese later in this article!
Myth #2: Learning Chinese with a partner will make you sound weird
Your mental representation of what Mandarin is supposed to sound like comes from your environment: the Chinese you read and listen to. Thus, some people are worried that their Chinese will sound weird if they learn from a partner.
After all, different people speak in different ways, and you are not your partner, so if you speak like them, it will be weird. The specific difference students ask about most often is that between male and female patterns of speech. If you’re a man married to a Chinese woman, will your Chinese sound too feminine? Or vice versa, if you’re a female with a male partner, will people think your language is too masculine?
I don’t think this is something you need to worry about. While there are differences in how men and women speak, it’s not like in Japanese where gender plays a much bigger role in grammar and vocabulary. If you do manage to copy your partner’s way of speaking Mandarin perfectly, that wouldn’t be a problem; it would be awesome!
Ultimately, sounding like someone you are not is only a problem if you only learn Chinese from your partner. This would be problematic for many reasons, just like it would not be a good idea to only learn Chinese from a specific tennis player, computer gamer, or rice farmer. You need varied input no matter what.
Chinese listening strategies: Diversify your listening practice
If you are worried about the way your Mandarin sounds, find a suitable target model who speaks the way you want to speak and mimic them. Almost everything you’ve learnt from your partner will be fully applicable here. It’s just about surface details and nuances in intonation.
Learn more about mimicking here: Improving your Chinese pronunciation by mimicking native speakers. Here’s a video where I talk about this:
Myth #3: You will learn dumbed-down Chinese from your partner
Unless your Chinese is already quite advanced, your partner will need to use simpler vocabulary and grammar to talk to you. They will also lower their rate of speech and try to speak more clearly.
Generally speaking, this is a good thing. It means you stand a better chance of understanding what they’re saying, which means you will also learn more.
However, it does give rise to a potential concern: If your partner is dumbing down the language to make it easier for you to understand, will this mean that you’ll learn a dumbed-down version of Chinese?
In my opinion, this is a non-issue. As your Chinese improves, your partner will naturally adjust to your level. They are used to speaking with other native speakers and as the need to simplify the language when speaking with you decreases, they will speak in a more natural way.
And even if they keep avoiding using the most difficult vocabulary and complex grammar, this would only be a problem if you only speak with your partner, which is, as we have seen, not a good idea in the first place.
Don’t take your partner’s support for granted
While partners care more about you than the average teacher or language exchange, they don’t necessarily care that much about your language learning. It’s essential not to take any support you get for granted. Treating your partner as a personal teacher or dictionary can quickly strain the relationship.
Mutual respect and boundaries are critical; offering something in return, like helping with their English or another language, creates balance, although that does assume that your partner wants to learn your language and doesn’t already know it. Another option is to try really hard to practise your Chinese in ways that are fun for both of you.
Suggestions for learning with a partner
Now that we have discussed learning Chinese with a partner more in general, including some of the opportunities and challenges it presents, let me give some tips and suggestions for better learning with a partner:
- Sitch to Chinese in specific circumstances. Try limiting it to specific times (between 8 and 10 in the evening) or specific places (in the living room and kitchen). You can also commit to speaking Chinese for at least 10 minutes before giving up. Next time, you might be able to manage 12 minutes.
- You can also try the opposite: speak Chinese whenever you can. If you know how to say “this is really tasty” in Chinese, then say that, even if everything else is in English. If you know how to say that you’re going out for a walk, then say that in Chinese.
- Remember that your partner is a person, not a tool. Avoid relying on them solely for language practice. Balance the relationship by offering something in return. For instance, if you ask them questions about Chinese, be open to answering their questions about your language.
- Focus on meaning, not language. Even if your partner is willing to invest extra effort and time into a conversation because it’s in Chinese rather than English, this doesn’t mean that they are interested in talking about how the third tone changes or where to put 了 in a sentence. Focus on real communication and save the language-related questions for a teacher.
Good luck! If you have further ideas for how to switch language, or a story to share, please leave a comment!
Becoming fluent without a Chinese partner
You can, of course, achieve fluency without a Chinese partner. As mentioned, the main benefit of such a relationship is making learning more enjoyable and practical, but it’s not indispensable.
In my article about the three paths to Chinese mastery, “having your social life in Chinese” is one of the paths, but there are more ways to interact with native speakers than marrying one.
There are also two other paths:
- Using Chinese in your job
- Cultivating a genuine interest
Conclusion
Learning Chinese with a partner can be a wonderful and motivating experience, but it’s not a silver bullet. Consistent exposure and engagement are what teach you Chinese, and there are many ways to get that.
One of them is to have a Chinese-speaking partner, which can make certain aspects of learning more enjoyable and accessible, but structured learning methods, self-study, and formal courses are also important.
And, as a final reminder, healthy relationships are not transactional; if you regard your partner as a teacher or dictionary, I don’t have high hopes for your relationship.
Being able to communicate is key, and then speaking languages other than Chinese might be the best option, at least in the short term.
In the long term, however, learning Chinese might lead to an even better situation (ask my wife), but it’s your responsibility to get there, not your partner’s.
Editors note: This article, originally published in 2014, was rewritten from scratch and massively updated in February 2025.
26 comments
You forgot to mention the hazard that girls will happily teach men feminine language. Then, when this big hairy foreigner opens his mouth, he sounds like a ponce. I remember this one man would say “讨厌！” whenever he didn’t like something. Ugh…Chinese people always laughed, I felt sorry for him.
I didn’t really forget about it, I chose not to bring it up because I think it’s a minor problem. The only case when this would be possible is if you ONLY speak Chinese with your girlfriend. That’s bad language learning for many, many reasons and perhaps the topic of another article? It does happen, of course, but it’s much less of a problem than in some other languages (e.g. Japanese, at least from what I’ve heard).
Yes, my father has mentioned that this is an issue with learning Japanese, but as you say it mainly applies to people who learn exclusively from their girlfriend (or boyfriend I suppose, though that might be less weird in Japanese since some Japanese women chose to talk in a more ‘masculine’ style). My father always mentioned this with regards of Americans who only practiced Japanese with their girlfriends. Back in those days, my dad had a Japanese girlfriend too, but he was also studying with a textbook and set of audiotapes, so his problem was that his language was often too formal (which his girlfriend found amusing).
I have also heard that this is an issue with Thai, though in Thai it is a matter of both gender and class (i.e. many foreigners learn how to talk Thai like a minimally educated bargirl who grew up in a province far from Bangkok).
Interesting! Things like this certainly makes learning a language a lot more complicated, so in a way, I’m happy that the differences are comparatively small in Mandarin. I don’t deny that there are difference, but they are much, much smaller than in some languages (of which you mentioned two).
Yeah, I think the usual mistake people make is they assume that a Chinese boyfriend/ girlfriend is also a willing or capable teacher. My girlfriend has been an invaluable source of practice and a great aid to my Chinese ability. However, she rarely has the patience to sit down and teach me words or correct my mistakes unless she doesn’t understand what I am trying to say.
I also know many Taiwanese women who don’t even like helping their partners to practice Chinese, simply stating that they feel awkward speaking Chinese to a foreigner. Thankfully my girlfriend isn’t one of those!
As for the speaking like a girl issue, I don’t think you need to solely speak with your partner to be influenced by the way they speak. When I first started learning Chinese I was often told I spoke effeminately. This was also due to the fact that all of my Taiwanese coworkers were also women. I obviously had some contact with Taiwanese men, just not enough to learn from the way they spoke.
I don’t think being a willing and capable teacher is necessary, simply being prepared to speak the language is of great help (of course, teaching would be even better, but a lot rarer as well). I agree with what you say about female vs. male speakers, the education system is full of women and most people who are interested in foreign languages are also women. Therefore, it’s quite natural to listen to more female than male voices. That’s true for me as well. Still, I don’t think this has made my Chinese girlish at all, but I’m not sure why. Wide variety of input, perhaps? Linguistic awareness?
There are also a whole slew of difficulties that come with trying to use the more challenging language with one’s partner when there is an easier fallback. My wife is Taiwanese, and I have found that my imperfect Chinese is often frustrating to her given her English is pretty much perfect; the potential for misunderstandings is much greater when we’re speaking Chinese, and the pace is much slower. Thus for ordinary daily communication and talking about serious or complicated topics in particular, it’s much easier and more pleasant for her to use English with me. The stakes are also much higher than in casual conversations with strangers are friends. If I lose track of the conversation with a stranger, it merely makes the interaction more awkward, bizarre, or incomplete. But with my wife, it has the potential to create distance between us or inject a tiny amount of extra stress into the relationship.
As a result, the first few years were were together and even after we were married, we spoke primarily English and my Chinese improved only very slowly, and primarily through my own efforts. And like Olle, most of my practice and improvement predated my wife and I getting together. However, we had a son two years ago, and we’re raising him bilingual, and try and primarily speak Chinese in his presence. This has been a huge boon to my Chinese abilities, and they have now resumed the steady ascent. My son’s tones are already much more consistently correct than mine and it won’t be too long before his vocabulary is larger than mine. Time to pick up the pace.
Thanks for your comment, Kevin! I agree that the ease of communication is very important. We communicate primarily in Mandarin because that’s the language where we have the highest combined fluency, so it’s not as tricky for me. However, I observe this from the other direction when my girlfriend tries to learn Swedish (where she can still be considered to be a beginner). Obviously, we can’t communicate well in Swedish and it is hard to change habits and speak more Swedish, but we keep experimenting (blog post coming up about this).
I also want to say that I agree with what you say about advanced language and studying on your own. Everyday conversations cover a very small part of a language and the rest you need to pick up on your own.
I have been told on multiple occasions to get a Chinese girlfriend. It’s always awkward because I worry people think I’m in it to chase girls. I once mentioned that I want to go to Chongqing, the Chinese girl was like，”oooohhhh, I see, you heard that’s where all the hot girls are.” If people could see me blushing I’d have looked like a tomato (I have an honest interest in the place, naturally I’d heard things but come on.)
I do think this would help things, I’m doing everything in my power to avoid the (generally) exorbitant cost of lessons but I struggle with self studying and keeping to a schedule, goals etc. But I digress. Yeah, a partner who is patient and willing to help would be amazing!
That’s not really your fault, though. She would probably have said that regardless of why you intended to go there. You’d need to be quite liberal to find a partner just to study Chinese, but if you live in China and integrate 100% with locals, it’s not unnatural to find one, is it? It’s quite likely if you’re open for it. There’s nothing wrong with that.
Really interesting post. I think in some ways a significant other might even hinder your language learning. I was often laughed at – not in a discouraging way, they found my mistakes “cute” – but it still was frustrating and made me reluctant to speak in front of them. Plus I cared more about what they thought about how I spoke than I did with others so it made me more self-conscious as well.
However, when they are a willing teacher and correct your mistakes, they can be a great motivator for learning.
My experience was a little different in that I started learning Chinese only after knowing my wife. My wife spoke Chinese as her first language. After more than 20 years of being married, my Chinese hadn’t improved one bit while her English improved by leaps and bounds. She now speaks fluent English and you wouldn’t know that English was her 2nd language.
I on the other hand only decided 8 months ago to try and learn Chinese to some level of fluency. People said, “Oh! you can just pick it up from your wife and and watch Chinese movies … ” etc but I think that’s impossible. Just like Olle, the bulk of my learning effort is not through my wife but mainly through on-line courses and constant practice on my own. After about 8 months of hard work, I estimate that about 30-40% of my daily conversion with my wife is now in Chinese. Like Kevin, because my wife now speaks fluent English, that works against me in my effort to learn Chinese. Its just too easy to revert to English whenever the going gets just a little bit tough.
Having a cooperative Chinese wife or partner is a huge, HUGE help. Whatever I learn through a structured course can be put to practice. I don’t expect my wife to be my private tutor to sit down with me to teach me tones and pronunciation but she does give me invaluable feedback when my pronunciation or tones for some words are not right.
The biggest help comes when I have some words or phrases I need that were not covered in my on-line course. I simply list them in English in my Anki deck. When she has the time, she goes through my deck and records the audio for it in Chinese and fills in the Pinyin and Hanzi fields. This way she doesn’t have to repeat the word over and over again for me (I know that will just drive her crazy). Within a month or two that word or phrase will be committed to long term memory. With her help, I can easily fill in all the missing bits from my on-line courses and my progress is significantly accelerated this way.
Yes, having a cooperative and patient partner is of course a great help, but I think it’s a great help simply having a native speaker around. My philosophy in general is to apply language question triage as much as possible. I could ask my girlfriend a lot of questions, but unless we’re both studying or it’s very convenient for both of us, I usually go elsewhere with my questions. This is true for all people, not just partners, of course.
Having a girlfriend is not like going to school or studying Chinese on your own. It’s a relationship with another person. Even if your goal is to improve your Chinese, you will probably improve faster within the confines of the relationship than trying to use your girlfriend as a dictionary and language learning object. Ideally your Chinese is good enough to take advantage of being in a relationship with a Chinese person. Usually people pick a language of interaction and stick to it. Being at a low level in Chinese and trying to date a Chinese person, the chances are you will be speaking mostly English. But talking with a Chinese girlfriend or boyfriend day in day out is a wake up call for how limited our grasp of vocabulary and grammar really is.
This summer, we’re doing a bit of experimenting when it comes to changing the language we speak. As you say, it’s easy to get stuck in one language (Mandarin in our case), but I’m sure there are ways out of it and that’s what we’re experimenting with, different ways of changing conversation habits from Mandarin to Swedish. I will most likely write a blog post about this later!
I really enjoy reading your post Olle. It’s great to read everyone’s comments as well. What is curious is that there doesn’t seem to be any first-hand comments from the partner’s point of view – though I believe that perhaps you might have all shown this post to your loved ones. In fact, this is how I came to it.
My husband is learning Cantonese and we don’t live in a Cantonese speaking country. We live in an environment where English and Arabic are spoken, so speaking Cantonese is almost pointless. For me, though Cantonese is my mother tongue, I haven’t spoken it much for almost twenty years apart from the odd time when I went home to see my relatives. The fact is that my dominant language is English and most of my identity as an adult is in English. I only ever speak Cantonese when I see my family.
It seems that everyone agrees that the key is not to take your partner for granted as a living dictionary. This point cannot be underestimated but the reality is that it often gets forgotten temporarily when the enthusiasm to learn just takes over. What often happens is that the ‘learner’ gets frustrated when the partner reverts to the language in which both parties are ‘competent’ so communication is the most effective. This is the point when it becomes totally out of order when the ‘learner’ gets frustrated that the partner has reverted.
People, especially bilinguals and multilinguals, use a certain language by choice. It is important to respect that language choice because when you are speaking to a loved one, you are having a human relationship with them. As Kevin said, the stakes are high and the potential for frustration increases when one of the partners fails to express and understand what is trying to be communicated. It takes a lot of patience and understanding for the partner so he/she can be and stay accommodating.
We respect the fact that our partners are trying to learn ‘our’ language to get closer to us as people but it does not give it a special status so the ‘learner’ then has the right to ‘legitimately’ get frustrated when your partner is being ‘unhelpful’. Our primary concern is that of communication. When we talk to our partner, we are ‘communicating’, not ‘being practised on’. If this understanding is not there or even temporarily forgotten, it damages relationships. I am exaggerating a little to get my point across.
I’m not suggesting in the slightest that before you’ve embarked on this journey of learning the language of your partner that you haven’t had to ‘endure’ the perhaps less than perfect language your partner uses to communicate with you. But the situation there was different, there was no choice because one of you didn’t understand didn’t understand the other language at all or enough for you to be able to interact on a level desired by both parties.
As Olle says, having a designated time and perhaps some kind of returns will certainly helps. But this only works when it is 100% respected. I also like Gregory’s arrangement of Anki with your wife. Perhaps it is a consequence of my own situation, I feel that since my husband’s enthusiasm of learning Cantonese has kicked in, every time we talk, I’m always being bombarded by questions of how to say this and how to say that. That is not communication. That’s a language clinic.
You are terribly lucky if your partner is into learning languages like you, but there are people out there, like me, who only see languages and their learning valuable out of necessity. We see languages as a tool for exchanges between minds and if that’s not achieved, it is only logical for us to switch to the language that will do just that.
So, please remember not to treat your partner as a language clinic. Don’t see them as putting up an obstacle of your learning when they revert. They’re just being human and that’s what you want. You want them to interact with you as a human, not a language learner, and you don’t want to change that.
Obviously the account above was based on my personal experience under our specific circumstances. I wonder what your partner would say.
Interesting, thanks for sharing! Communication ought to be number one for most people provided that they aren’t dating someone primarily for language reasons. Our situation is a bit different since my spoken Chinese was probably better than my girlfriend’s English when we met (I have, after all, lived in an immersion environment for many years and even though she’s an English teacher, she had little actual practice before coming to Sweden). That means that for us, Chinese is always the language of choice. I have had different experience when starting to learn Chinese, though, and I understand and agree with what you say.
Another important things to note is that I think there is a big difference between asking someone to speak their dominant language and other languages. My father speaks Latvian, but he never taught me or my brother the language. Why? Because Swedish is his first and dominant language. I don’t blame him for speaking Swedish to us. Similarly, it would be hard to require a non-native speaker of Mandarin to speak Mandarin just because I want to practice!
Just a few random thoughts, thank you again for your comment!
Thanks for sharing Connie. Nice to get your perspective of it.
The fact that my Chinese boyfriend doesn’t look the least bit Chinese as he’s from the Wa people and most Chinese people seem to think he’s African makes people always comment on how good HIS Chinese is and exclaim surprise at how he even speaks the local dialect, most people we meet assume he speaks English and that I don’t speak Chinese. When they he’s actually from China and that I speak Chinese though, they just tend to be impressed, but with him I’ve actually never gotten that annoying comment that my Chinese is good because I’m with him but it often happened with a previous, Han Chinese boyfriend…rather people will comment that my Mandarin is more “biaozhun” than his. My boyfriend is an excellent writer and through keeping in touch with him on WeChat I get in contact with a lot of new vocabulary that I save in a special Pleco wordlist, but honestly I’m often too lazy to bother to really learn those words, so in that sense being with him doesn’t help me to learn Chinese – like you wrote, it’s not like you learn the language magically just by being in a relationship with someone Chinese, you have to put in a lot of effort. However, one big advantage I’ve gotten from being with my boyfriend is that I can now understand different Yunnanese dialects, because my boyfriend and his friends will never speak Mandarin just because I’m around (something that made me upset in the beginning as I felt very bored and left out, but now that I can understand what they’re saying – well, most of the time – I mostly just feel proud over my listening comprehension and grateful that I can now travel to small villages in Yunnan and interact with the locals who don’t speak Putonghua).
Yes it’s terribly disapointing when you did struggle many years learning Mandarin and you have the chance one day to practice a bit with friends or relations, you have one guy just shouting kinda: “Oh! I heard your girlfriend is Chinese, this is why you can speak so well!”
Usually people making these kind of statements never learned any second language. They don’t even know the difference between a Teacher and a Tutor and yes if it helps to be able to practice or have good advises, the most part of it is WORK and WORK…That’s it!
I remember facing the same situation a few years ago and I knew the wife of this guy was a classical artist, so I said: “I heard your wife is a fantastic violin player…” and the guy proudly answering “True that she recently played in the famous hall…” but before he even finished his sentence, I just said: “Woowww! It’s fantastic to have such a wife and obviously you must also play the violin very well! So easy to learn with your wife! Nice!” I remember the guy being a bit puzzled and I’m pretty sure he did get the message 🙂 This is a true story!